Glossary

An A–Z glossary of every article in the wiki, generated at publish time from each page’s one-line summary (369 entries).

• The ‘True’ Money Supply — Salerno’s 1987 TMS paper: a component-by-component Austrian money-supply aggregate designed to measure the medium of exchange better than M1 or M2.
• 100% Reserve Banking — Rothbardian position that demand deposits and bank notes must be 100% covered by money proper in reserve; issuing claims beyond reserves violates property rights and drives Rothbard’s inflation.
• 21 Lessons — Gigi’s book of 21 lessons from the Bitcoin rabbit hole — seven philosophical, seven economic, seven technological — ending where the movement began: cypherpunks write code.

A

• Abstract Power Hierarchies — Lowery’s term for belief- or rule-based control systems that allocate authority abstractly rather than via physical-cost competition, set against Arendt’s total domination.
• Adam Back — Cryptographer who created Hashcash, the proof-of-work cost function cited by the Bitcoin whitepaper — the abuse-pricing primitive that became Bitcoin’s mining and consensus mechanism.
• Adam Smith — Scottish moral philosopher (1723–1790), founder of classical economics; his Wealth of Nations (1776) gave the free-market tradition the division of labour, the invisible hand, and free trade.
• Agorism and Counter-Economics — Konkin’s strategy of growing the counter-economy — all peaceful exchange the state forbids, taxes, or regulates — until voluntary trade displaces the state, requiring no change in human nature.
• Albert Jay Nock — American essayist and Old Right forerunner whose Our Enemy, the State carried Oppenheimer’s conquest theory into American libertarian anti-statism.
• Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn — Soviet dissident writer whose Gulag Archipelago stands in this wiki as eyewitness testimony to totalitarian terror, not as libertarian theory.
• America’s Great Depression — Rothbard’s 1963 Austrian Business Cycle Theory account of the 1929 crash, the canonical revisionist case against Hoover as architect of the New Deal.
• Anarchy, State, and Utopia — Robert Nozick’s 1974 book — the landmark academic defense of the libertarian minimal state, the entitlement theory of justice, and the case against patterned distribution.
• Anatomy of the State — Rothbard’s concise essay unmasking the state as political monopoly wrapped in ideological camouflage, opposed to voluntary social power.
• Anonymous Remailers — The cypherpunks’ first deployed infrastructure: mail servers chained so no single operator knows both sender and recipient — Chaum’s 1981 mix design made real, and the ancestor of Tor.
• Anthem — Rand’s 1938 novella about a future that erased the word “I” — and the man who rediscovers it.
• The April 2026 FOMC Rate Hold: ABCT and the Knowledge Problem — The April 2026 FOMC hold shows the Fed estimating a price only markets can discover - the knowledge problem made visible in a rate decision.
• Are Bitcoins Ownable? — Graf’s action-based property-theory analysis of Bitcoin ownership, keys, UTXOs, trespass by hacking, double spending, fungibility, and IP limits.
• Argentina’s 2023 Rent Decontrol: Price-Control Analysis — Argentina’s 2023 rent decontrol reads as consistent with the Mises-Rothbard price-control prediction: ceilings coincided with shortage, repeal with reopened supply and lower rents.
• Argumentation Ethics — Hoppe’s a priori argument that anyone who argues at all has already presupposed self-ownership and the non-aggression principle, so that denying them is self-refuting.
• Aristotle — Greek philosopher whose Ethics and Politics root natural-law theory in human nature and the polis, though his natural-slavery doctrine is rejected here.
• Atlas Shrugged — Rand’s 1957 novel staging a strike of the world’s productive minds as a defense of reason and rational self-interest.
• Austrian Business Cycle Theory — The Austrian theory that credit expansion pushes interest rates below their natural level, distorting production and forcing an inevitable corrective bust.
• Austrian Economics — Topic map of the wiki’s Austrian economics coverage: praxeology, calculation, the knowledge problem, capital theory, and interventionism.
• Austrian Economics vs Keynesianism — Why Hayek and Rothbard hold that the Keynesian cure is the Austrian disease — and why reasoning in aggregates can’t see it.
• Austrian Economics vs. the Chicago School — Two free-market schools split on money: Friedman’s rule-bound managed money versus Mises and Rothbard’s claim that managing money at all is the disease, per their opposite verdicts on the Depression.
• Ayn Rand — Novelist-philosopher (1905-1982), founder of Objectivism; author of The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. A capitalist individualist adjacent to — but at odds with — the Austro-libertarian tradition.

B

• b-money — Wei Dai’s 1998 proposal for pseudonymous digital money with proof-of-work issuance, signed transfers, and bonded contracts — a precursor to Bitcoin that left the consensus problem open.
• Banality of Evil — Arendt’s thesis that Eichmann’s evil was not demonic depth but bureaucratic compliance, cliche, and an inability to think from another’s standpoint.
• BANI and Austrian Economics — Cascio’s BANI framework read against Mises, Hayek and Rothbard: three of its four terms restate long-standing Austrian claims, the two accounts of brittleness name different culprits, and only one of them supplies a mechanism for using knowledge nobody holds.
• Barry Eichengreen — Economic historian whose Golden Fetters supplies the standard case against the interwar gold standard; present here as the opposition, quoted through Salerno.
• Bernstein v. United States (1999) — The influential but later withdrawn, non-precedential 1999 Ninth Circuit opinion treating encryption source code as speech and striking export licensing as unconstitutional prior restraint.
• Biopower — Foucault’s concept of modern power directed at life itself — population, health, birth, death, security — shifting sovereignty’s ‘take life or let live’ into the biopolitical ‘make live and let die.
• Bit Gold — Nick Szabo’s 2005 proposal for digital money made of unforgeably costly, timestamped proof-of-work strings tracked in a distributed title registry — the closest uncited precursor to Bitcoin’s design.
• Bitcoin — Peer-to-peer electronic cash secured by proof-of-work, with a fixed 21-million-coin supply that makes it the first verifiably scarce digital good.
• Bitcoin Frees the Individual, Not the Collective — A response to Soleimani’s Mises Wire critique: Bitcoin cannot dismantle any state, but delivers real, bounded freedom to the self-custodying individual — confusing a tool with collective liberation.
• Bitcoin Is Venice — Farrington’s 2021 essay: Bitcoin as civilizational exit from fiat finance, framed through Venice, mobile capital, Islamic finance, and programmable money.
• The Bitcoin Standard — Ammous’s 2018 hard-money case for Bitcoin, now represented by a full-text raw ingest rather than the 2026-05-27 metadata stub.
• Bitcoin Whitepaper — Satoshi’s 2008 paper: peer-to-peer electronic cash combining digital signatures, public transaction ordering, and hash-based proof of work to solve double-spending without trusted intermediaries.
• Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments — Chaum’s 1982 blind-signature paper: a bank signs a blinded token, the payer unblinds it, and later deposit cannot be linked to withdrawal.
• Busting Myths about the State and the Libertarian Alternative — Zack Rofer’s accessible primer debunking common pro-state myths and misconceptions about how free markets actually work.
• The Byzantine Generals Problem and Double-Spending — The problem Bitcoin solved: how a network of mutually-distrusting computers can agree on one ledger — and so stop a digital coin from being spent twice — without a trusted third party.

C

• The Cantillon Effect — The principle that new money is non-neutral: whoever receives it first gains real purchasing power at the expense of those who receive it last — the distributional injustice of inflation.
• Capital — Capital as produced means of production — ‘stored-up’ labor, land, and time, reducible to the original factors and arising only from saving — per Rothbard’s Man, Economy, and State.
• Capital — Marx’s 1867 magnum opus. Chapter 1 grounds value in abstract human labour and socially necessary labour-time — the objective labor theory of value the Austrians reject.
• Capital and Interest: A Critical History of Economical Theory — Bohm-Bawerk’s critical history of interest theory, clearing away productivity, use, abstinence, and exploitation accounts to make room for his own.
• Capitalism — The economic system of private property, voluntary exchange, and free prices — market cooperation — often confused with what it forbids: crony privilege, fraud, coercion, and ‘exploitation’.
• Capitalism and Freedom — Friedman’s 1962 Capitalism and Freedom: capitalism as precondition of political liberty, limited government, and rule-bound managed money the Austrians reject — Chicago’s headline counterpoint.
• Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal — Rand’s 1966 collection defending laissez-faire capitalism as the only moral system.
• Carl Menger — Founder of the Austrian School (marginal utility, 1871) whose 1892 origin-of-money essay derives money as spontaneous order from goods’ differing saleableness — seed of the regression theorem.
• Carl Schmitt — Anti-liberal theorist of sovereignty and the friend/enemy distinction, included here as a hostile witness against whom libertarian theory is tested.
• Cash Holding and the Demand for Money — Austrian primitive: money’s purchasing power is set by supply against demand to hold it — each person’s subjective valuation of cash balances, without which price or intervention can’t be assessed.
• Censorship Resistance — The property of a system no gatekeeper can block — a payment no bank can freeze, a message no platform can delete — the cypherpunk project’s animating goal and Bitcoin’s defining feature as money.
• Charles Tilly — American historical sociologist whose organized-crime essay and state-formation studies supply this wiki’s non-libertarian ‘state as racket’ analogy.
• Cicero — Roman statesman and philosopher whose De Re Publica carried Stoic natural law - right reason in accordance with nature - into Western legal tradition.
• Citizenship and State Bargaining — Tilly’s account of citizenship as a byproduct of rulers’ bargaining with subjects for taxes, manpower, and compliance during war-making and direct rule.
• Code as Speech — The Bernstein Crypto Wars thesis: encryption source code can be First Amendment expression, and export licensing can become unconstitutional prior restraint.
• Coercion, Capital, and European States — Tilly’s historical-sociological account of how war-making, extraction, and the capital/coercion typology forged the European state system.
• Cognitive Adequacy and Tutela — Consent binds only when the person’s understanding matches the complexity of the act; where it doesn’t, rights stay with their holder and only their exercise passes to a guardian.
• CoinJoin and PayJoin — Two Bitcoin privacy techniques: CoinJoin merges many users’ inputs so outputs cannot be linked, while PayJoin disguises a payment to break the common-input-ownership heuristic.
• Colophon — How This Wiki Is Made — How the wiki is built and checked: the verbatim quote standard, the mechanical gate and its honest limits, adversarial review, provenance, and licensing.
• The Concept of the Political — Schmitt’s work centered on the friend/enemy criterion and its critique of liberal depoliticization.
• The Conscience of a Hacker — Loyd Blankenship’s 1986 Phrack manifesto — ‘My crime is that of curiosity’ — the founding statement of the hacker ethic that the cypherpunks inherited.
• The Constitution of Liberty — Hayek’s 1960 statement of classical liberalism: liberty as the absence of arbitrary coercion, the case for freedom grounded in our ignorance, and the rule of law as its political form.
• The Coordination Objection: A Reply to an Ex-Libertarian — His objections partly land on conceded ground; his voluntary remedy resembles the adoption thesis’s still-unbuilt unifying meaning, while holistic optimization raises a capture challenge.
• Council System — Arendt’s ‘lost treasure’: the directly participatory revolutionary council that recurs across the genuine modern revolutions and is crushed each time by parties and central administration.
• Credit and Deferred Payment — The Austrian definition of credit as exchanging a present good for a claim on a future good, from Mises’s canonical statement through Rothbard’s catallactic restatement.
• Credit Expansion Dynamics — Austrian credit-expansion mechanism: banks drop the loan rate, falsifying calculation and lengthening production until the boom ends — plus whether loan repayment nets expansion to zero.
• Criticisms of Anarcho-Capitalism — The strongest objections to a stateless market order — public goods, the warlord problem, Nozick’s invisible-hand state, equal justice, stability — stated fairly, with anarcho-capitalist replies.
• Critiques of Sovereignty and Power — Folded into State Theory and Totalitarianism — the Schmitt sovereignty and Foucault biopower material now lives in the broader state-theory hub.
• Crony Capitalism — The sale of political privilege to favored firms — subsidies, bailouts, tariffs, licensing barriers, regulatory advantage — dressed as free enterprise; the political means wearing a market mask.
• Crypto Anarchy — Tim May’s thesis that strong cryptography enables zones of voluntary exchange outside ordinary state surveillance, taxation, censorship, and control.
• Crypto Wars 2 — The second state campaign for plaintext (2010s–present): not banning encryption but compelling vendors — signed attack code, liability levers, detection orders — at the platform chokepoints.
• CryptoNote Whitepaper — The 2013 CryptoNote paper behind Monero: ring signatures, one-time keys, and memory-bound proof of work for private electronic cash.
• The Cybereconomy — Davidson and Rees-Mogg’s forecast of an untaxable, borderless online economy settled in encrypted, denationalized ‘cybercash’ — a striking pre-Bitcoin description of cryptocurrency.
• Cypherpunk — The wiki’s Austrian-libertarian cypherpunk reading: cryptography, anonymous protocols, and verifiable scarcity replace trusted intermediaries with verifiable rules — one thread, not the full movement.
• The Cypherpunks Mailing List — The forum, founded 1992, where anonymous remailers, digital cash, and crypto-anarchism were argued into being, and where Hashcash — credited by name in the 2008 Bitcoin announcement — was proposed.

D

• David Chaum — Cryptographer who invented blind signatures and the untraceable-payments program — the pre-cypherpunk foundation whose ecash and DigiCash ancestored later digital cash.
• David Friedman — The economist who made the consequentialist case for anarcho-capitalism — competing private protection and courts defended by efficiency, not natural rights. Milton Friedman’s son, not the same man.
• Dawid Ciężarkiewicz — Developer writing as dpc (@dpc_pw), cited for a documented but non-monotonic set of posts on libertarian exit, coordination, markets, and power.
• De Legibus (On the Laws) — Cicero’s On the Laws: the developed argument that law and justice are ‘an institution of nature’, grounded in right reason — the systematic core of classical natural law.
• De Re Publica (The Republic of Cicero) — Cicero’s dialogue transmitting Stoic natural law as ‘right reason in accordance with nature’ — the most quoted classical formula of the tradition.
• The Declaration of Independence — The 1776 Declaration: Lockean natural rights as a public political creed — unalienable rights, consent, and the right of revolution.
• Deflation — The Austrian case that falling prices aren’t one thing: ‘growth’ deflation from productivity is benign, only credit-contraction deflation is painful — against the mainstream fear of deflation as such.
• Delimitation and the Origin of Property — A rival theory of original appropriation: a thing becomes ownable when its boundary is objectively defined, not when it is used, worked, or occupied.
• Democracy: The God That Failed — Hoppe’s regime-comparison book arguing monarchy outperforms democracy on time preference and civilization, now backed by full-text ingest.
• Denationalisation of Money — Hayek’s case for abolishing the state money monopoly and letting private ‘concurrent currencies’ compete — a forerunner of the Bitcoin debate, criticized by Rothbard and Hoppe.
• Digital Euro — The EU’s retail CBDC project: a direct ECB liability with legal-tender status, bank-intermediated access, a holding cap, and a formal ban on ‘programmable money’ atop plumbing that would enable it.
• Disciplinary Power — Foucault’s concept of power that trains bodies through surveillance, partitioning, examination, and normalization within institutions.
• Discipline and Punish — Foucault’s account of disciplinary power - surveillance, examination, docile bodies, panopticism - as the modern prison’s true technology of control.
• Distributive Justice — How should wealth be shared? Rawls’s ‘justice as fairness’ versus Nozick’s entitlement theory — libertarian property’s strongest challenge, with the reply that patterned ideals must override liberty.
• Does Bitcoin Satisfy the Regression Theorem? — The live Austrian dispute over whether Bitcoin — a money with no industrial prior use — is a counterexample to Mises’s regression theorem, or satisfies it through an early non-monetary demand (collectible, ideological, utility).
• Does Private Property Require the State? — The communist claim that property is a creature of state violence — so true anarchy and private property are incompatible — stated fairly and answered: enforcement is not the state, and the premise would abolish communal possession too.

E

• Ecash and Chaumian Mints — Chaumian ecash on Bitcoin: mints issue blind-signed tokens for strong transaction privacy at the cost of custody risk, from single-operator Cashu to guardian-distributed Fedimint.
• Economic Calculation Problem — Mises’s argument that a socialist commonwealth without private ownership of capital goods cannot rationally calculate how to allocate resources.
• Economic Thought Before Adam Smith — Rothbard’s 1995 Austrian history of pre-classical economics — the wiki’s grounding text for the School of Salamanca and the proto-Austrian reading of natural-law economics.
• The Economics and Ethics of Private Property — Hoppe’s essay collection defending private property, sound money, and voluntary security against taxation and democratic redistribution.
• Economics in One Lesson — Hazlitt’s 1946 classic: the whole of economics reduced to one lesson — trace an act’s longer and unseen effects on all groups, not just its immediate visible effect on one.
• Eichmann in Jerusalem — Arendt’s 1963 report on Eichmann’s trial and the banality-of-evil thesis: the ordinary bureaucrat as totalitarianism’s working part.
• Electronic Frontier Foundation — The digital-rights organization (founded 1990) that fought the Clipper Chip in the Crypto Wars and won First Amendment protection for source code — the legal arm of the cypherpunk fight.
• Eric Hughes — Cypherpunk and mathematician; author of ‘A Cypherpunk’s Manifesto’ (1993) and co-founder of the cypherpunks list. Coined the movement’s creed: privacy must be written into code, not petitioned for.
• The Ethics of Liberty — Rothbard’s 1982 treatise grounding libertarianism in self-ownership and property rights, culminating in a full ethical critique of the state.
• Ethics vs Morality — Both words once meant custom; this article stipulates morality for practised norms and ethics for critical theory. Hegel drew the split explicitly; libertarian natural-law ethics collapses it.
• Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk — Second-generation Austrian economist whose capital-and-interest theory of roundabout production and time preference feeds directly into Mises and Rothbard.
• Evolution of the State — Historical layer for the state critique: conquest origins, monarchy-to-democracy comparison, war-driven state formation, and totalitarianism’s preconditions.

F

• F. A. Hayek — Second pillar of mature Austrian economics: knowledge-problem theorist, business-cycle theorist, and classical-liberal critic of central planning.
• The Factual Potential of Harm — Replaces ‘proportionality’ in self-defence with a measurable quantity — the maximum harm a course of conduct is objectively capable of producing — and applies a twin test to pollution and nuisance.
• Farewell to Westphalia — Hope & Ludlow’s 2025 book: the nation-state is a 380-year-old governance technology; blockchain communities — voluntary, exit-based, borderless — are the successor under construction.
• Federal Reserve — The U.S. central bank, read here as a government-enforced banking cartel that fuels inflation and the boom-bust cycle.
• Fiat as Engineered System — Ammous’s Fiat Standard frame: fiat as debt-based monetary engineering, with central banks as protocol nodes and Bitcoin as the comparative alternative.
• The Fiat Standard — Ammous’s 2021 companion book: fiat as debt-based monetary technology, and Bitcoin as the comparative hard-money alternative.
• Financial Surveillance — The KYC/AML/FATF regime that turns the payment system into surveillance and control by deputizing intermediaries; CBDCs are its culmination, fungible self-custody the counter.
• Fog of CryptoWar — Logan’s 2017 field map of Crypto War 2: the ‘ban encryption’ debate is a straw man while plaintext access arrives through vendor pressure, weak defaults, metadata retention, and lawful hacking.
• Folkways — Sumner’s 1906 study popularizing ethnocentrism and the we-group/out-group distinction, cited here for the tribal sentiment nationalism mobilizes.
• For a New Liberty — Rothbard’s movement-level manifesto surveying libertarian doctrine, rights theory, and strategy across the full range of policy applications.
• Forced Integration — Hoppe’s term for the state overriding owners’ right to exclude — compelling association — with Friedman’s narrower discrimination-as-costly-taste view as a contrast.
• Forward Secrecy — A key-compromise limit: past sessions stay protected even if long-term keys are later stolen, usually by using and deleting ephemeral keys.
• The Fountainhead — Rand’s 1943 individualist novel of the uncompromising architect Howard Roark.
• Fractional-Reserve Banking and Free Banking — Fractional-reserve banking — lending out money depositors can demand back anytime — and the Austrian dispute over whether it’s inherent fraud (Rothbard) or legitimate (the free bankers).
• Francisco’s Money Speech — Rand’s set-piece moral defense of money: a tool of exchange grounded in production and trade, with a gold-versus-fiat warning that aligns with Austrian sound-money even as its value theory differs.
• Franz Oppenheimer — German sociologist whose conquest theory of the state and political-versus-economic-means distinction fed into Nock, Rothbard, and later anti-statism.
• Free Software — The movement (Stallman/GNU) for users’ freedom to run, study, modify, and share code, enforced by copyleft — and the auditability precondition for every trustless cypherpunk tool.
• Free Trade and Comparative Advantage — The economic case for free trade: by comparative advantage, even a party worse at everything gains by specializing where relatively best — trade enriches both sides, protectionism destroys wealth.
• Enemy Distinction — Schmitt’s criterion of the political: the public distinction between friend and enemy as the highest-intensity form of association and dissociation.
• Frédéric Bastiat — French classical-liberal economist and pamphleteer (1801–1850): a lucid, satirical expositor of free trade, and the originator of the seen-and-the-unseen and the broken-window fallacy.
• Fungibility — The property that any one unit of a money is interchangeable with any other — a requirement of sound money that a transparent ledger puts under pressure, and that privacy technology exists to restore.

G

• G. W. F. Hegel — The Hegel of the Philosophy of Right: Abstract Right, Morality, Ethical Observance — and the claim that freedom becomes actual only inside institutions.
• Galt’s Speech — The ~60-page radio address near the end of Atlas Shrugged — the systematic statement of Rand’s Objectivism and the novel’s philosophical climax.
• The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money — Keynes’s 1936 General Theory: effective demand, the multiplier, liquidity preference, and the case for managing aggregate demand — the foundational Keynesian text and the Austrian critique’s target.
• Georgism and the Land-Value Tax — Henry George’s single-tax proposal on land’s unimproved value — and the Austro-libertarian critique that land is legitimately owned, speculation useful, and the tax would misallocate sites.
• The Gold Standard — Money as a fixed weight of redeemable gold — hard money’s historical form, dismantled from 1913 to 1971, prized by Austrians as a check on state inflation and faulted by Chicago-school critics.
• Golden Fetters — Eichengreen’s 1992 case that the interwar gold standard transmitted and magnified the Depression; held here via Salerno’s quotation of its author’s own summary.
• Government Provision and the Conservation Appeal — Where the state supplies a utility and runs conservation campaigns, the appeal signals a compulsory monopoly pricing output below market-clearing — Rothbard’s diagnosis of the NY water shortage.
• Great Depression — The 1929 crash and the depression that followed, and the Austrian-vs-monetarist dispute over its cause.
• The Gulag Archipelago — Solzhenitsyn’s documentary-literary indictment of the Soviet camp system, the definitive eyewitness case against totalitarian terror.

H

• Hal Finney — Cypherpunk, PGP contributor, RPOW creator, early Bitcoin runner, and recipient of the first Bitcoin transaction.
• Hannah Arendt — Political theorist of totalitarianism, power, and public life, whose Origins, Eichmann, Human Condition, and On Revolution anchor this wiki’s Arendt node.
• Hans-Hermann Hoppe — Property theorist and Austrian economist who bridges market theory to private-law anarchism via argumentation ethics and time-preference analysis.
• Hard Money — Money whose supply is hard to expand. The bridge concept between Mises on sound money, Rothbard on commodity money, Szabo on unforgeable costliness, and Saifedean on stock-to-flow.
• Hashcash — Adam Back’s proof-of-work cost-function paper: non-interactive tokens, public verification, DoS throttling, and the direct Bitcoin citation lineage.
• Hayek on Planning and Coercion — Hayek’s claim in The Road to Serfdom: comprehensive central planning is unworkable without dictatorial coercion, since planners must impose one ranking of social ends on a population that disagrees.
• Hayek on the Rule of Law — Hayek’s Road to Serfdom claim: the rule of law means government is bound by rules fixed and announced beforehand, and economic planning replaces that constraint with administrative discretion.
• Henry Hazlitt — The 20th-century free-market economic journalist (1894–1993): New York Times editorialist, Newsweek columnist, and author of Economics in One Lesson — popularizer of Mises and Bastiat.
• Hillebrand on Central Bank Digital Currencies — Hillebrand’s claim: a CBDC is not digital cash but programmable money that folds Rothbard’s autistic, binary, and triangular intervention into one architecture for observation and control.
• Homesteading — The libertarian theory of how unowned things first become property: by being put to use — Locke’s labor-mixing, Rothbard’s first-use-first-own.
• Hoppe on Caretaker Capital Consumption — Hoppe’s claim: a democratic caretaker owns only current use of state resources, not capital value, predicting continual capital consumption — unlike a king who can sell the estate outright.
• Hoppe on Special Drawing Rights — Hoppe’s claim that IMF-issued Special Drawing Rights belong to the post-1971 movement toward world currency and world central banking.
• Hugo Grotius — Dutch jurist whose De Jure Belli ac Pacis made natural law’s content discoverable by reason from human nature, and conventionally credited with founding modern international law on it.
• Human Action — Mises’s 1949 praxeological treatise, the foundational text of modern Austrian economics and direct ancestor of Rothbard’s Man, Economy, and State.
• The Human Condition — Arendt’s 1958 study of labor, work, and action, tracing how the rise of ‘the social’ eclipsed genuine public political life.

I

• Ideal Money — Nash’s claim that good money holds stable long-run value, obtainable by pegging issuance to a stable index or approached asymptotically via competing inflation-targeting currencies — hard money’s conclusion, outside Austrian theory.
• Ideal Money and Asymptotically Ideal Money — John Nash’s lecture arguing for money of stable value — directly via an industrial price index, or asymptotically via competing inflation-targeting currencies.
• Out-Group Tribalism — Sumner’s we-group/out-group distinction and ethnocentrism: each group takes itself as the center of everything, breeding internal cohesion and external hostility that nationalism mobilizes.
• Individualism and Economic Order — Hayek’s 1948 essay collection including ‘The Use of Knowledge in Society’ and the Socialist Calculation essays, his sharpest knowledge-problem critique of central planning.
• Inflation — In the Austrian sense, an increase in the money supply — of which rising prices are the symptom. Never neutral (the Cantillon effect makes it a hidden tax); at the limit it becomes the crack-up boom.
• Inflation and Unemployment — Friedman’s 1976 Nobel lecture: no lasting trade-off between inflation and unemployment, the natural rate, and the vertical long-run Phillips curve — the monetarist core the Austrians answer on method.
• Intellectual Property — The Austrian case that IP monopolies are illegitimate: property rights resolve conflict over rivalrous resources, and information is not rivalrous.
• The Iron Law of Oligarchy — Robert Michels’s thesis that every organization, however democratic in aim, inevitably develops a ruling minority that emancipates itself from the mass — ‘Who says organization, says oligarchy.
• Is Milei’s Government Libertarian? — Milei’s government passes Rothbard’s first test for transitional measures — the goal is held aloft — and fails the second on taxes, money, debt and emergency power: liberalizing, not libertarian.

J

• James Buchanan — Economist (1919–2013), Nobel 1986; co-founder with Gordon Tullock of public choice and constitutional economics. The Calculus of Consent (1962) applied the economics of self-interest to politics.
• James Dale Davidson — American venture capitalist and newsletter publisher who co-authored The Sovereign Individual with Lord William Rees-Mogg, forecasting the nation-state’s decline.
• Jason Lowery — US Space Force officer and MIT fellow whose Softwar analyzes Bitcoin as electro-cyber power projection and national-security infrastructure.
• Javier Milei — Argentine president since December 2023, self-described anarcho-capitalist in principle and minarchist in practice; the tradition’s test case in office.
• John Locke — English philosopher (1632-1704) whose Second Treatise of Government founded modern natural-rights theory: pre-political rights, consent, and the right of revolution.
• John Maynard Keynes — John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), founder of modern macroeconomics; author of The General Theory (1936) — the Keynesian counterpoint to the wiki’s Austrian sources.
• John Nash — Mathematician and Nobel laureate whose Ideal Money lectures converge, from outside the Austrian tradition, on this wiki’s hard-money critique of discretionary fiat.
• John Perry Barlow — Grateful Dead lyricist, EFF co-founder, and author of ‘A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace’ (1996) — the rhetorical manifesto of cyber-libertarian sovereignty.
• Joseph T. Salerno — Austrian economist in the Mises-Rothbard tradition and Mises Institute VP, known for formalizing the True Money Supply and for ‘Mises and Hayek Dehomogenized’.
• Julian Assange — Founder of WikiLeaks and early cypherpunks-list contributor whose 2006 essays theorized leaks as a secrecy tax on unjust regimes — then absorbed the state response his model predicted.
• The June 2026 Moderate-Shooting Ceasefire Remark: Analysis — Reads Trump’s ‘moderate shooting’ ceasefire remark as a war-and-state case where redefining peace as less fire preserves the protection racket.
• Jurisdictional Competition — Davidson and Rees-Mogg’s claim that mobile cyberwealth forces governments to compete for residents like firms compete for customers, shifting control toward its ‘customers’ and pricing sovereignty.

K

• Karl Marx — Author of Capital (1867) and the labor theory of value — value as socially necessary labour-time embodied in goods; the principal foil to the Austrian subjective theory of value.
• Karl Marx and the Close of His System — Bohm-Bawerk’s 1896 classic Austrian critique of Marx’s labor theory of value, exposing the contradiction between Capital vols. I and III.
• Key Escrow and Clipper Chip — The 1990s Clipper/key-escrow fight: strong encryption with government recovery keys, resisted as a built-in surveillance backdoor.
• Knowledge Problem — Hayek’s argument that economic knowledge is dispersed and tacit, so the price system, not a central planner, is what puts it to use.
• Konrad Graf — Austrian theorist who applied action-based property theory to Bitcoin, distinguishing key-control from coin-ownership and treating bitcoins as rival, UTXO-specified goods, not IP-style patterns.

L

• Late-Twentieth-Century State Forms — Tilly’s extension of European state-formation theory to late-twentieth-century military rule, postcolonial states, and the limits of exporting Europe’s path.
• The Law — Bastiat’s essay defining law as the collective right to self-defense, and legal plunder as its perversion into legalized theft.
• Left and Right — Is libertarianism right-wing? The tradition gives three answers — Hayek: neither; Rothbard: originally Left; Hoppe: properly Right — and the disagreement is live.
• Left and Right: The Prospects for Liberty — Rothbard’s 1965 essay arguing that classical liberalism was the original Left, conservatism the reaction against it, and the modern spectrum an artifact of a scrambled map.
• Lessons from Digital-Cash History — Why pre-Bitcoin digital monies like DigiCash, e-gold, and Liberty Reserve failed: each had a central point of failure the state or market could eliminate, which Bitcoin escaped.
• Let’s Abolish Government — Rothbard-curated Spooner collection on constitutional illegitimacy, jury nullification, slavery, and radical anti-state dissent.
• Liberalism — Mises’s short 1927 statement of classical-liberal political economy: private property, peace, free trade, and a strictly limited state.
• The Libertarian Family: Anarcho-Capitalist, Minarchist, Mutualist, Georgist — Anarcho-capitalist vs minarchist vs mutualist vs Georgist, side by side: the state, property in land and capital, money, law, and the fault line that actually divides them — property.
• Libertarianism — Topic map of the wiki’s libertarian corpus: property, voluntary exchange, anti-statism, historical state formation, and non-state legal order.
• Libertarianism and Human Nature: The Adoption Problem — Tests whether libertarianism is correct but unadoptable; the honest answer is a cryptographic cost-floor, a monetary reckoning, and a still-unbuilt unifying meaning.
• Lightning Network — Bitcoin second-layer payment channels: off-chain routed payments enforced by HTLCs, with the blockchain reserved for settlement and disputes.
• The Lightning Network Paper — Poon and Dryja’s Lightning paper: HTLC-routed payment channels that keep Bitcoin’s blockchain as settlement and dispute backstop.
• A Lodging of Wayfaring Men — Paul Rosenberg’s crypto-anarchist novel (2007): the Free Souls build an untraceable online free-market society beyond state control — the Crypto Anarchist’s Bible.
• Ludwig von Mises — Founder of modern Austrian economics, originator of the economic-calculation argument, and methodological source of the Rothbardian tradition.
• Lysander Spooner — American individualist anarchist, abolitionist, and legal theorist (1808-1887) whose Natural Law turns natural-rights reasoning against legislation’s own legitimacy.

M

• Man, Economy, and State — Rothbard’s treatise building economics from action through exchange and money to the Power and Market analysis of state intervention.
• Market Anarchism and Private Law — The libertarian vision of non-state courts, protection agencies, insurance, and title systems replacing state law and adjudication.
• Market Failure and Public Goods — The standard case for government intervention — public goods, externalities, natural monopoly, asymmetric information — with Austrian replies: benchmark problem, property rights, government failure.
• The Market for Liberty — The Tannehills’ full case for replacing the state with market-provided law, arbitration, insurance, and defense.
• Martin Hellman — Cryptographer who, with Whitfield Diffie, invented public-key cryptography in 1976 — the foundation of encrypted messaging, digital signatures, and Bitcoin.
• Mass Society and Atomization — Arendt’s account of how the breakdown of class and community produces isolated masses available for total mobilization, later enforced in the Gulag.
• Max Hillebrand — Author of The Praxeology of Privacy, connecting Austrian economics, Rothbardian and Hoppean libertarianism, Bitcoin privacy, and cypherpunk implementation.
• Meditations on Cypherpunk Nightmares — Goldstein’s 2014 essay reads Tim May’s crypto anarchy through the Stoics: anonymous information markets make leaks inevitable, so live as though your secrets are already public.
• Mega-Event Boondoggles: Why Host-City Stadiums Rarely Pay Off — Analysis — Host-city stadiums rarely pay off: built by caretakers who can’t keep the downside, chosen by politics with no profit-and-loss test — a defect ‘build a hospital instead’ inherits, not escapes.
• Megapolitics — The Sovereign Individual’s master theory: underlying factors setting the cost of violence — topography, climate, microbes, technology — determine how societies are governed, beneath ordinary politics.
• Methodological Dualism — Mises’s claim that purposive human action cannot be studied by physics’s methods — splitting its study into a priori theory and history, grounding the Austrian rejection of scientism.
• Michel Foucault — Non-libertarian genealogist of discipline, surveillance, biopower, population, and modern power, included here as a foil and analytic resource.
• Milton Friedman — Milton Friedman (1912-2006), leader of the Chicago school and founder of monetarism, author of Capitalism and Freedom — the free-market ally the wiki’s Austrians part with over money and method.
• Minarchism — The libertarian position that the state should be cut to a minimum — protecting rights against force, theft, and fraud — but not abolished: the minimal-state pole of the anarchism debate.
• The Minority Rule — Nassim Taleb’s claim that an intransigent minority of three to four percent, one that will not deviate while the majority is indifferent, can drag an entire population to its preference.
• Mises and Hayek Dehomogenized — Salerno’s 1993 dehomogenization paper separates a Bohm-Bawerk-to-Mises paradigm from a Wieser-to-Hayek one, naming Kirzner and White as the Hayekian line’s modern carriers.
• Mises on Capital Consumption — Mises’s Liberalism claim that ‘antiliberal policy is a policy of capital consumption’ — present abundance bought by drawing down the productive stock that would fund future production.
• Mises on Credit Expansion — Mises’s claim that credit expansion drops the gross market interest rate below its time-preference level, falsifying calculation and making unrealizable projects look profitable.
• Mises on Minimum Wage — Mises’s Human Action claim that wage floors above the unhampered market rate create institutional unemployment rather than generally higher real wages.
• Mises on Rent Ceilings — Mises’s claim in Liberalism that a residential-rent ceiling produces an immediate housing shortage, with Vienna under Social Democratic rent abolition as the worked example.
• Monero — Monero makes privacy mandatory so every coin stays fungible; Zcash reaches the same goal via optional zk-SNARK shielding — two privacy models, one fungibility thesis.
• Monetary Aggregates and Credit Expansion — Austrian money measurement: M2’s time-deposit and money-fund components contaminate the cycle-theory signal; Rothbard’s broad criterion, refined by Salerno’s True Money Supply, is the cleaner measure.
• Money and Banking — The wiki’s money hub: the Austrian theory of money from Menger and Mises through sound money, banking and the business cycle, the fiat system and CBDCs, to Bitcoin as digital hard money.
• Money, Sound and Unsound — Salerno’s 2010 collected monetary essays: the one-volume entry point to his Austrian sound-money, TMS, gold-standard, and cycle-theory work.
• Moxie Marlinspike — The builder behind Signal — founder of Open Whisper Systems, co-author (with Trevor Perrin) of the X3DH and Double Ratchet specs, and the figure who shipped default end-to-end encryption to billions.
• Murray N. Rothbard — System-builder, economist, anti-state theorist, and movement strategist at the center of this wiki’s Austro-libertarian tradition.
• Mutualism and Individualist Anarchism — The market-anarchist tradition of Proudhon, Warren, Spooner, and Tucker: no state, free exchange, a labor-cost theory of value, mutual interest-free banking, and occupancy-and-use land tenure.
• The Mystery of Banking — Rothbard’s accessible account of money, banking, and central banking, making the popular case for 100%-reserve banking over fractional reserve.

N

• Nassim Nicholas Taleb — Probabilist and essayist (b. 1960) whose Incerto — Skin in the Game, Antifragile, The Black Swan — supplies the wiki with the minority rule and a risk-based case for decentralization.
• Nationalism and State Formation — Tilly’s treatment of nationalism as both ruler-driven identification with the state and minority claims to separate statehood.
• Natural Law — The wiki’s natural-law hub: reason-knowable justice above positive law, traced from Aristotle and Cicero through Aquinas, Grotius, and Locke to Spooner and Rothbard’s rights-based libertarianism.
• Natural Law and Natural Order — The doctrine of objective, reason-knowable justice above positive law — from Aristotle and Aquinas down to Spooner, Rothbard, and Hoppe — foundation of libertarianism’s natural-rights branch.
• Natural Law; or The Science of Justice — Spooner’s 1882 essay: justice as a natural science of mine and thine, and all human legislation beyond it ‘an intrusion, an absurdity, an usurpation, and a crime.
• New Directions in Cryptography — Diffie and Hellman’s 1976 breakthrough: public keys, key exchange, and digital signatures for secure communication without prior shared secrets.
• New Libertarian Manifesto — Konkin’s 1980 founding statement of agorism: build the counter-economy until voluntary exchange displaces the state.
• Nick Szabo — Computer scientist and legal theorist whose work bridges Austrian monetary theory and cypherpunk protocol design: smart contracts, Bit Gold, Shelling Out, social scalability.
• Nicomachean Ethics — Aristotle’s ethics; Book V’s distinction between natural and conventional justice is the classical seed of natural law.
• Non-Interventionism — Rothbard’s foreign-policy position: inter-State war aggresses against taxpayers, and modern war almost always against innocents too, so no State can wage it justly; the aim is non-intervention.
• Nonaggression and Property Rights — The corpus’s normative core: self-ownership, property, and the rule against initiated force, defended on natural-rights, argumentation-ethics, and utilitarian grounds.
• The North Atlantic Treaty — The 1949 founding treaty and 2014 Wales Defence Investment Pledge — the documents behind NATO’s spending ratchet: Article 3’s open-ended obligation, operationalized as 2% of GDP, then raised to 3.5%.
• Nostr — A minimal protocol where identity is a keypair and content is signed, relay-distributed events, optimized for censorship resistance rather than anonymity.

O

• Objections to Libertarianism — A map of the strongest objections to this wiki’s libertarian and Austrian positions — economic, institutional, distributive, philosophical — each linked to its fuller treatment and weakest answer.
• Objectivism — Rand’s system — objective reality, reason, rational self-interest, and laissez-faire capitalism — grounding a pro-capitalism case on ethics and epistemology rather than on praxeology.
• Objectivism and Ayn Rand — The wiki’s Ayn Rand hub: Objectivism as a fellow-traveler of libertarianism — reason, rational self-interest, laissez-faire capitalism — reaching similar politics from a distinct egoist foundation.
• Of Cypherpunks and Sousveillance — Anderson’s 2022 academic study of cypherpunk ethics — ‘privacy for the weak, transparency for the powerful’ — and the movement’s overlooked practice of sousveillance: watching the watchers.
• The Offense–Defense Balance of Technology — A technology touching conflict tilts power toward attack or defense by changing predation’s cost versus protection’s — state formation tracks the shift. Gunpowder built the state; crypto answers back.
• On Revolution — Arendt’s 1963 comparison of the American and French revolutions on public freedom, founding, and the lost council tradition.
• On Violence — Arendt’s 1970 essay distinguishing power, strength, force, authority, and violence, arguing violence is instrumental, not the essence of political power.
• Open Borders — Walter Block’s non-aggression-axiom case that peaceful migration is not aggression, so that immigration restriction is the coercive act — the libertarian counter to forced integration.
• Oppenheimer On Conquest — Oppenheimer’s thesis: the state originates in conquest, not contract — a permanent institution of the political means (appropriating others’ labor), not the economic means of production.
• Organized Crime and State Capacity — Suppressing organized crime turns on a state’s capacity and willingness to override rights, not country size: total-coercion states crush crime and dissent alike; rights-constrained ones tolerate it.
• The Origins of Totalitarianism — Arendt’s 1951 study tracing antisemitism and imperialism into totalitarianism as a wholly new form of rule built on terror and ideology.
• Os Fundamentos Objetivos da Justiça — A 2026 Portuguese-language deductive treatise on justice: property from objective delimitation, consent by cognitive adequacy, defence by factual potential of harm, and restitution without punishment.
• Our Enemy, the State — Nock’s 1935 anti-state book applying Oppenheimer’s political-means/economic-means distinction to American history and the New Deal.

P

• The Parallel Economy — Hillebrand’s synthesis of Bitcoin, Tor, encrypted messaging, and zero-knowledge tools into a stack that lets economic life escape state surveillance.
• Paul Rosenberg — Engineer, privacy entrepreneur, and writer; author of A Lodging of Wayfaring Men (2007) and Production Versus Plunder; co-founder of Cryptohippie.
• Peer-to-Peer and the BitTorrent Lineage — No-central-node architecture: the Napster → Gnutella → BitTorrent lineage proved decentralized distribution survives enforcement — the direct ancestor of Bitcoin’s peer-to-peer electronic cash.
• PGP and the Crypto Wars — PGP as routine strong encryption, and the 1990s fight over export controls, key escrow, code as speech, and mass-surveillance economics.
• Phil Zimmermann — Creator of PGP and a central Crypto Wars figure. This pass draws on Zimmermann’s own PGP essay plus the 1990s Crypto Wars dossier, but is not a full biography, so detail remains medium confidence.
• Philosophy of Right — Hegel’s 1820 compendium of political philosophy in Dyde’s 1896 translation: abstract right, morality, and ethical observance, ending in the state as the actuality of freedom.
• Political Means and Economic Means — Oppenheimer’s distinction between voluntary production-and-exchange and coercive appropriation, adopted by Nock, Rothbard, and Hoppe.
• Political Theology — Schmitt’s work defining sovereignty as the power to decide on the exception.
• Politics (Aristotle) — Aristotle’s Politics: the polis and man’s political nature as natural; includes the natural-slavery doctrine libertarians reject.
• The Politics of Obedience — La Boetie’s classic essay arguing tyranny survives only on the ruled’s habitual consent, and collapses once obedience is withdrawn.
• The Positive Theory of Capital — Bohm-Bawerk’s constructive Austrian theory of capital as roundabout production, grounding interest in time preference.
• Power and Market — Rothbard’s 1970 companion to Man, Economy, and State, developing the intervention typology and critique of taxation and antimarket ethics.
• Power Projection — Lowery’s frame for comparing physical-cost power projection with abstract, rule-based power, applied to proof-of-work and Bitcoin.
• Praxeology — Mises’s deductive science of human action: since humans act purposefully, the laws of economics follow without need for empirical testing.
• Praxeology of Privacy — Hillebrand’s claim that privacy is structural to human action itself, so surveillance attacks the conditions rational exchange depends on.
• The Praxeology of Privacy — Hillebrand’s argument that privacy is a structural feature of human action, uniting Austrian theory with cypherpunk implementation.
• The Pretence of Knowledge — Hayek’s 1974 Nobel lecture: the scientistic pretence that economics can predict and control complex social orders is false and dangerous; aim for pattern predictions and humility, not control.
• Price Controls — Concept page: legal price maxima or minima override the clearing price — ceilings produce shortages, floors produce surpluses, and a consistent policy of control collapses into central planning.
• Prices and Production and Other Works — Mises Institute’s collected edition of Hayek’s 1929-1939 monetary and business-cycle works, the core texts of Austrian business-cycle theory.
• Principles of Economics — Ammous’s 2023 Austrian economics textbook in five parts and eighteen chapters, positioned after The Bitcoin Standard and The Fiat Standard.
• Principles of Economics (Menger) — Menger’s 1871 founding text of the Austrian School: value is a subjective judgment of a good’s importance for satisfying needs, not a property inherent in the good — cornerstone of subjective value.
• Privacy and Cryptography — Topic map of the wiki’s privacy-and-cryptography thread: Austrian privacy theory, state surveillance, Bitcoin, and parallel-economy tools.
• Private Security and Insurance — How the libertarian corpus imagines policing without the state: defense agencies, insurance, arbitration, and competitive checks on abuse.
• The Production of Security — Molinari’s 1849 essay founding the classical-liberal case for private, competitive production of security - the root of market anarchism.
• Proof of Work — A publicly verifiable cost function used first to meter access to network resources, then adapted by Bit Gold and Bitcoin for digital scarcity and consensus.
• Public Choice and Rational Ignorance — The public-choice account of why liberty is under-supplied: rationally ignorant voters let small concentrated interests out-organize the diffuse public, so politics favors the few over the many.
• Public Happiness — Arendt’s term for the joy of participating in public freedom, drawn from her account of the American revolutionary experience.
• Public-Key Cryptography — The asymmetric-key breakthrough that made secure communication, digital signatures, blind signatures, Bitcoin ownership, and cypherpunk privacy practical on open networks.

R

• Ragnar Danneskjöld — Rand’s philosopher-pirate in Atlas Shrugged and his deliberate inversion of the Robin Hood myth — an attack on the idea that need, not achievement, is the source of rights.
• Rearden’s Trial Speech — Hank Rearden’s defense at his trial in Atlas Shrugged: he refuses to grant the court the moral sanction to judge him for producing — a compact dramatization of the withdrawn sanction of the victim.
• The Regression Theorem — Mises’s proof that money’s value today traces back to a good’s original non-monetary worth, dissolving the circularity of valuing money and forbidding a money with no prior value.
• Resistance Axiom — Voskuil’s axiom, via Hillebrand, that systems can be designed to resist external control — a methodological assumption, not a self-evident truth.
• Restitution and Proportional Punishment — Rothbard’s theory of justice: crime invades a victim’s rights; the criminal forfeits his own rights equally, and justice means restitution plus proportional retribution — not punishing ‘society.
• Restitution Without Punishment — The position that punishment has no standing of its own: every consequence imposed on an aggressor must be traceable to restoring what was violated, including confinement, which becomes execution against future earnings.
• Richard Cantillon — Irish-French banker and economist (c. 1680s–1734) whose Essai first analyzed the non-neutral, step-by-step injection of money — the Cantillon effect.
• Rights of Man — Paine’s 1791–92 reply to Burke: natural rights for the democratic age — no generation binds the next, and government is a delegated trust.
• The Rights of War and Peace (De Jure Belli ac Pacis) — Grotius’s 1625 founding text of international law: natural law’s content grounded in human nature, holding even on a supposition Grotius calls a wickedness to make — that there is no God.
• Ring Signatures — A privacy signature primitive: prove one key in a set signed, without revealing which key; CryptoNote uses it to hide senders.
• The Rise of the Social — Arendt’s diagnosis that the modern ‘social’ realm blurs public and private into collective household administration, crowding out genuine public action.
• The Road to Serfdom — Hayek’s 1944 warning that central economic planning destroys the rule of law and leads to authoritarian rule.
• Robert Michels — German-Italian sociologist (1876–1936) whose Political Parties (1911) formulated the iron law of oligarchy.
• Robert Nozick — American philosopher (1938–2002) whose Anarchy, State, and Utopia is the landmark academic defense of the libertarian minimal state.
• The Role of Monetary Policy — Friedman’s 1968 monetarist address: the limits of monetary policy, the natural rate, and the steady money-growth rule — the Chicago account of the cycle the Austrians dispute.
• Rothbard on Fed-Induced Booms — Rothbard’s claim: the boom-bust cycle is generated by bank credit expansion, driven by central banks like the Fed, which lowers loan rates, inducing entrepreneurial errors and capital malinvestment.
• Rothbard on Price Controls — Rothbard’s Power and Market claim that an effective maximum price creates a shortage that worsens as supply has time to shift, and that elastic supply aggravates the shortage.
• Rothbard on the Wealth Tax — Rothbard’s Power and Market treatment of a wealth tax as an uncapitalizable, unshiftable charge on accumulated capital that promotes capital consumption and general impoverishment.
• Rothbard on War and the State — Rothbard’s claim in Anatomy of the State that war pushes state power to its ultimate, and that every modern war leaves a permanent legacy of increased state burdens on society.
• Rothbard vs. Hayek: The Two Heirs of Mises — The intra-Austrian split: Rothbard the orthodox Misesian (praxeology, calculation, anarcho-capitalism) vs. Hayek (knowledge, evolution, limited government) — not symmetric disciples.
• Rothbard’s Taxonomy of Intervention — Rothbard’s three-way classification of coercive intervention — autistic, binary, triangular — that frames everything from taxation to KYC and CBDCs.

S

• Saifedean Ammous — Economist whose Bitcoin Standard, Fiat Standard, and Principles of Economics give this wiki its Austrian, hardness-and-stock-to-flow reading of money.
• Sales Tax Incidence — The Rothbardian case that a general sales tax is not passed to consumers but falls on original-factor incomes through backward shifting.
• Samuel Edward Konkin III — Market-anarchist theorist who founded agorism and counter-economics and wrote the New Libertarian Manifesto.
• Samuel Pufendorf — German jurist and natural-law theorist (1632-1694) who systematized the discipline between Grotius and Locke, grounding it in human sociality.
• The Sanction of the Victim — Rand’s name, in Atlas Shrugged, for the moral consent the productive give to their own exploitation — and the insight that the strike is simply its withdrawal.
• Satoshi Nakamoto — Pseudonymous author of the 2008 Bitcoin whitepaper. The work is well-documented; identity claims are deliberately treated as low-confidence.
• Say’s Law — The classical principle that production is the ultimate source of demand — goods are paid for with goods — so a general glut is impossible; the doctrine Keynes overturned to justify demand management.
• School of Salamanca — The 16th-century Salamanca scholastics: natural-rights theorists (consent, resistance) and proto-Austrian economists (subjective value, just price, money theory) — bridging this wiki’s two pillars.
• Schools of Economics: Austrian, Chicago, Keynesian, Public Choice — Austrian vs Chicago vs Keynesian vs public choice, side by side: method, value theory, the business cycle, the role of government, and how each reads a recession.
• Seasteading and Network States — Two proposals for polities competing with the nation-state: ocean settlements and online communities that crowdfund territory and seek recognition as network states — ‘exit’ made concrete.
• Secession — The withdrawal of a smaller unit from a larger one — and the libertarian principle that the right to leave runs all the way down to the individual: exit as the discipline on states.
• Second Treatise of Government — Locke’s 1689 founding text of natural-rights liberalism: law of nature, labour-mixing property, government by consent, and the right of revolution.
• Security Without Identification — Chaum’s 1985 privacy-infrastructure paper: digital pseudonyms, card computers, untraceable communication, payments, and credentials against dossier society.
• The Seen and the Unseen — Bastiat’s principle that sound economics reckons with the unseen — the foregone alternatives a policy destroys — not only its visible effect; the broken-window fallacy is its most famous illustration.
• Self-Custody — Holding your own private keys rather than trusting a custodian. The slogan — not your keys, not your coins — names the precondition for the censorship and seizure resistance Bitcoin offers — the step a great many users skip.
• Self-Ownership — The libertarian first principle: each person is the full owner of his own body and, therefore, of his labor and its products — the axiom from which the whole structure of property rights is derived.
• Shelling Out — Szabo’s account of shell beads, necklaces, and other prehistoric collectibles as proto-money with the properties later required by money.
• Signal Double Ratchet — Signal’s messaging ratchet: per-message symmetric keys plus DH ratchet turns for forward secrecy and post-compromise recovery.
• Signal X3DH — Signal’s asynchronous key-agreement spec: identity keys, signed prekeys, one-time prekeys, and 3-4 DH values to start a secure session.
• Silk Road — The 2011–2013 Tor-and-Bitcoin darknet market: a working demonstration of crypto-anarchy — and, in its takedown, the lesson that Bitcoin is pseudonymous, not anonymous.
• Smart Contracts — Szabo’s broad 1994 idea that contract terms can be embedded in protocols, reducing fraud, enforcement costs, and dependence on intermediaries.
• The Snowden Disclosures — June 2013: bulk suspicionless surveillance confirmed by the state’s own documents, condemned by its own courts, and answered by the demand to encrypt the network.
• Socialism — Mises’s 1922 book-length critique of socialism, expanding his 1920 economic-calculation argument and launching the socialist-calculation debate.
• Sociality — Pufendorf’s foundational law of nature: man is needy yet prone to harm, so each must behave so others have no just cause to injure him — root of the duties of non-injury, equality, and contract.
• Society Must Be Defended — Foucault’s 1975-1976 lectures on war, sovereignty, disciplinary power, biopower, population, and state racism.
• Softwar — Lowery’s 2023 MIT thesis arguing Bitcoin should be analyzed as electro-cyber power projection and national-security infrastructure, not just money.
• Somalia’s 2006 Invasion, Child Soldiers, and the Twenty-Year Foreign Presence: Analysis — A former child soldier’s story tests Tilly’s racketeer logic and Oppenheimer’s conquest thesis against Somalia’s 2006 intervention and its costs.
• The Sovereign Individual — Davidson and Rees-Mogg’s 1997 forecast: the information age erodes the nation-state, moves wealth into an untaxable cybereconomy with encrypted digital money, and frees a mobile elite.
• Speculative Attack — Rochard’s 2014 hyperbitcoinization thesis: Bitcoin adoption may accelerate through speculative attacks against weak fiat currencies.
• Spontaneous Order — Hayek’s idea that the most important social institutions — language, law, markets, money — are the result of human action but not the result of human design: order that emerges without a designer.
• Start Here — A plain-language front door to the wiki: what Austrian economics, libertarianism, and cypherpunk mean, why they belong together, and where to start reading — no background assumed.
• The State — Oppenheimer’s sociological treatise on the state’s conquest origin and the political-means versus economic-means distinction.
• The State as Parasite: A Thesis — Tests the claim that the state is a parasite masquerading as symbiosis; broadly supported but qualified by three classical liberals, its deception-ranking unsupported, and broken at totalitarianism.
• State of Exception — Schmitt’s claim that sovereignty is revealed in the decision on the exception: who decides when normal law is suspended.
• State Power and Intervention — The libertarian account of the state as legalized privilege: born of conquest, sustained by taxation and monopoly law, and dependent on habitual consent.
• State Theory and Totalitarianism — The wiki’s state-theory hub: how state power originates, sustains itself, and turns total — Oppenheimer and Tilly on conquest, Schmitt on sovereignty, Foucault on biopower, Arendt on totalitarianism.
• Stateless Somalia — Leeson’s 2007 finding that Somalis were better off on nearly all of 18 welfare indicators under post-1991 statelessness than under the predatory Barre state.
• The Subjective Theory of Value vs. the Labor Theory of Value — The clash between value as objective embodied labor (Marx) and value as the subjective, marginal importance imputed by acting individuals (Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Mises).
• Summa Theologica: Treatise on Law — Aquinas’s systematic natural-law treatise: law as reason for the common good, and the eternal/natural/human/divine fourfold scheme.
• Surveillance Capitalism — Zuboff’s term for treating human experience as free raw material for prediction products, reread here as entangled with state power, not just market failure.

T

• Taxation — The compulsory transfer of resources to the state — the systematized political means, treated by libertarians as robbery in principle that splits society into tax-payers and tax-consumers.
• Theory and History — Mises’s 1957 defense of methodological dualism between the natural and social sciences, against historicism and Marxist determinism.
• The Theory of Money and Credit — Mises’s founding text of Austrian monetary theory, source of the regression theorem and the proto-statement of the business-cycle theory.
• A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism — Hoppe’s comparative-systems treatise contrasting capitalism and socialism through property rights and economic calculation, arguing intervention degrades outcomes.
• Thomas Aquinas — Medieval theologian whose Treatise on Law gives the most systematic statement of natural law as reason ordered to the common good.
• Thomas Paine — Revolutionary pamphleteer whose Common Sense sparked the American Revolution and whose Rights of Man popularized natural-rights theory.
• Thus Spake Zarathustra: The New Idol — Nietzsche’s 1883 chapter naming the state ‘the coldest of all cold monsters’ - a non-libertarian source for the state-as-monster trope.
• Tilly on Protection Rackets — Tilly’s 1985 claim: war making and state making are protection rackets with the advantage of legitimacy — governments producing both the danger and the shield against it qualify as racketeers.
• Time Preference and the Theory of Interest — Interest as the agio on present over future goods, rooted in time preference — Böhm-Bawerk’s account, rebuilt by Mises on pure time preference.
• Timothy C. May — Tim May (1951-2018), former Intel senior scientist and founding cypherpunk; author of the Crypto Anarchist Manifesto (1988) and Cyphernomicon (1994).
• The Title-Transfer Theory of Contract — Rothbard’s (after Evers) theory: a contract transfers title to alienable property, enforceable only when breach is implicit theft. A bare promise doesn’t bind; remedy is restitution, not performance.
• Tor — The volunteer-run onion-routing overlay: the cypherpunk mix lineage reborn for real-time traffic, and the internet’s most widely used anonymity and censorship-resistance network.
• Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router — The 2004 Tor design paper: low-latency onion routing with telescoping circuits, directory servers, exit policies, congestion control, and hidden services.
• Total Domination — Arendt’s term for totalitarianism’s aim beyond tyranny or extraction: total domination of human beings, attacking spontaneity, plurality, and moral agency.
• Totalitarianism — Arendt’s account of totalitarianism as a novel form of rule through ideology and terror, distinct from tyranny or dictatorship, sustained by ordinary bureaucratic participation.
• Toward a Libertarian Theory of Inalienability — Block’s 2003 argument that true self-ownership entails full alienability, making a genuinely voluntary slave contract a valid title transfer.
• Trevor Perrin — Cryptographer and protocol designer — the design half of the Signal protocol (X3DH, Double Ratchet) and author of the Noise Protocol Framework behind WireGuard, WhatsApp, and Lightning.
• Trusted Third Parties as Security Holes — Szabo’s thesis that trusted intermediaries are not neutral conveniences: they concentrate risk, cost, and coercive leverage inside protocol design.

U

• Unforgeable Costliness — The bridge from shell beads and precious metals to proof of work: money must be costly to produce, hard to forge, and hard to inflate.

V

• Violence vs Power — Arendt’s distinction between power as collective action and violence as mere instrumental force; violence can destroy power but never creates the consent it replaces.
• The Virtue of Selfishness — Rand’s 1964 essay collection stating the Objectivist ethics of rational self-interest and its minarchist politics.
• Vita Activa — Arendt’s framework for the active life: labor sustains the body, work builds a durable world, and action discloses who we are among plural others.
• Voluntary Slavery, Debt, and the Title-Transfer Theory of Contract — On title-transfer theory, an enslavement clause is void since the will is inalienable — but debt is a title to money, so non-payment is theft, and enforcement may reach future income. Block dissents.

W

• Walter Block — Austro-libertarian economist whose full-alienability thesis argues genuine self-ownership permits selling oneself into voluntary slavery.
• War and State Formation — Tilly’s thesis that European war-making, extraction, and interstate competition coercively forged the national state, the ruler as protection racketeer writ large.
• War Making and State Making as Organized Crime — Tilly’s 1985 essay casting war making and state making as organized crime - protection rackets with the advantage of legitimacy.
• The Wealth of Nations — Adam Smith’s 1776 founding treatise of classical economics: the division of labour, self-interest coordinated by the ‘invisible hand,’ and the case for free trade against mercantilism.
• Wei Dai — Cypherpunk who proposed b-money (1998), the pseudonymous digital-money design with proof-of-work issuance and deposit-backed contracts that the Bitcoin whitepaper explicitly cites.
• Whitfield Diffie — Cryptographer who, with Martin Hellman, invented public-key cryptography in 1976 — the primitive underlying encrypted messaging, digital signatures, and Bitcoin.
• The Whole Duty of Man According to the Law of Nature — Pufendorf’s 1673 compendium of natural law, grounding it in human sociality — the systematizing bridge from Grotius to Locke.
• William F. Shughart II — Public-choice economist whose Public Choice entry supplies this wiki’s compact account of rational ignorance and concentrated benefits.
• William Graham Sumner — Laissez-faire sociologist whose Folkways popularized the we-group/out-group and ethnocentrism vocabulary this wiki draws on.
• William Rees-Mogg — British journalist and former Times editor who co-authored The Sovereign Individual, forecasting the rise of the sovereign individual.

Y

• Your Secret Right to Cash — Van Valkenburgh’s 2017 essay: cash silently guaranteed uncensorable, private payment — a ‘secret right’ nobody defended because physics enforced it, until electronic money removed it.

Z

• Zerocash — The 2014 Zerocash paper: zk-SNARK-based private payments that hide origin, destination, and amount while preserving ledger validity.
• zk-SNARKs — Short zero-knowledge proofs that let Zerocash/Zcash prove private ledger transitions are valid without exposing transaction details.

É

• Étienne de la Boétie — Sixteenth-century French humanist whose Discourse of Voluntary Servitude argues tyranny survives only because the ruled sustain it through habit and consent.